O Papa
ressaltou que nós somos custodiantes da natureza, isto é, nós tomamos conta de
algo que nos pertence. Verdade. Talvez faltou apenas lembrar que Deus disse que
devemos usar a natureza em favor do homem. O homem é a mais importante
criação divina, pelo simples fato que Deus se fez homem. Deus não se fez anjo
ou árvore.
Em todo
caso eu li dois ótimos textos sobre o assunto. O primeiro é do bispo-eleito
Robert Baron, ele lembra que a natureza não se importa com os homens, Deus sim.
Mother
Nature is One Unreliable Lady
BY
BISHOP-ELECT ROBERT BARRON 08/11/2015
Conservation
International has sponsored a series of videos that have become
YouTube sensations, garnering millions of views. They feature famous actors -
Harrison Ford, Kevin Spacey, Robert Redford, and others - voicing different
aspects of the natural world, from the ocean, to the rain forest, to redwood
trees. The most striking is the one that presents Mother Nature herself, given
voice by Julia Roberts.
They all have more or less the same message, namely, that nature finally
doesn't give a fig for human beings, that it is far greater than we, and will
outlast us. Here are some highlights from the Mother's speech: "I've been
here for over four and a half billion years, 22,500 times longer than you; I
don't really need people, but people need me." And "I have fed
species greater than you; and I have starved species greater than you."
And "my oceans, my soil, my flowing streams, my forests-they all can take
you or leave you."
I must confess that when I first came across these videos I thought, "just
more tree-hugging extremism," but the more I watched and considered them,
the more I became convinced that they are fundamentally right and actually
serve to make a point of not inconsiderable theological significance. That
nature in all of its beauty and splendor doesn't finally care about human
beings came home to me dramatically many years ago. I was standing in the surf,
just off the coast of North Carolina, gazing out to sea and remarking how
beautiful the vista was. For just a moment, I turned around to face the shore,
and a large wave came up suddenly and knocked me off my feet and, for a few
alarming seconds, actually pinned me to the ocean floor. In a moment, it was over
and I got back on my feet, but I was shaken. The sea, which just seconds before
had beguiled me with its serenity and beauty, had turned on a dime and almost
killed me.
The ancients knew this truth, and they expressed it in their mythology. The
gods and goddesses of Greece, Rome, and Babylon were basically personifications
of the natural necessities: water, the sky, the mountain, the fertile earth,
etc. Like the natural elements that they symbolized, these divine figures were
fickle in the extreme. One minute, Poseidon smiles on you, and the next minute
he sinks your ship; now Zeus is pleased with you, now he sends a thunderbolt to
destroy you; Demeter can be a gentle mother, and Demeter can be an avenging
enemy. And indeed, so it goes with the ocean, with the weather, and with the
soil. But this is precisely why the worship of these natural necessities is
always such a dicey business, for the best one can hope for is to mollify these
finally indifferent divinities to some degree through worship and sacrifice.
Biblical religion represents something altogether new, a fact signaled in the
opening verses of the book of Genesis, where it is emphatically stated that
God creates earth, sky, the stars and planets, the animals that move
upon the earth and the fishes that inhabit the ocean depths. All of these
natural elements were, at one time or another, worshipped as divine. So even as
he celebrates them, the author of Genesis is effectively dethroning them,
desacralizing them. Nature is wonderful indeed, he is telling us; but it is not
God. And the consistent Biblical message is that this Creator God is not like
the arbitrary and capricious gods of the ancient world; rather, he is reliable,
rock-like in his steadfast love, more dedicated to human beings than a mother
is to her child. The entire Scriptural revelation comes to a climax with the
claim, in the fourth chapter of John's first letter, that God simply is love.
St. Augustine celebrated this Biblical departure from the ancient worship of
nature in a lyrical and visionary passage in his Confessions. He imagines
the natural elements coming before him, one by one. Each says to him,
"Look higher," and then, in a great chorus, they gesture toward God
and then shout together, "He made us!"
As classical Christianity came to be questioned by some of the intellectual
elite in the early modern period, the ancient worship of nature made an unhappy
comeback. One thinks of Baruch Spinoza's blithe equation Deus sive natura (God
or nature) and then of the many forms of pantheism that it spawned, from
Schleiermacher's "infinite" to Emerson's "Oversoul" to
George Lucas's "The Force." In fact, the return to the classical
sense of divinity is on particularly clear display in the "dark" and
"light" sides of the Force that play such a vital role in the Star
Wars narrative. Though it can be used for good or ill, the Force is
finally as indifferent to human beings as is Mother Nature.
And this is why the Julia Roberts video functions as an effective antidote
against all forms of nature worship. It vividly reminds us that when we make
Mother Nature our ultimate concern, we are turning to an exceptionally cruel
and unreliable lady. Though I don't think this was her intention, Ms. Roberts
is urging us to "look higher."
------------
O segundo
lembra qual é a nossa verdadeira casa, o Paraíso com Deus. O texto é de Philip
Kosloski e foi publicado também no National
Catholic Register.
Creation
Is a Gift, But Heaven Is Our Home
BY PHILIP KOSLOSKI
With the
recent announcement of the “World Day of
Prayer for the Care of Creation,” we are again reminded that we have
a duty to preserve what God has given to us. It reminds us that we are to be
stewards of creation instead of masters, but what does that really mean? What
does it mean to be a “steward?”
The
typical definition of steward is, “a person who manages another's property or
financial affairs; one who administers anything as the agent of another or
others.” The key distinction here is that it denotes a person who is put in
charge of “another’s property.” Being a steward means that we have been given
the duty to manage something that is not ours.
This
means that the earth is not somehow ours for the taking. We do not have
ownership over it. Instead, we are “stewards” of God’s creation and must
rightly “manage” what He has given us. This also means that there are right and
wrong ways to “manage” it, as we are not the ones who make the rules. We must
abide by the rules of the true Master of Creation, God Himself.
Another
helpful term that describes our role in the world (and our care of creation)
is “pilgrim.” Often we forget that the earth is not to be our “kingdom”
that will last forever. Our kingdom will be in Heaven, where we will inherit
what God desires to give to us. We are simply pilgrims on this earth, always
striving to draw closer to our ultimate destination.
This
beautiful image of being a “pilgrim” on this earth is often portrayed when we
speak about the Church being a “ship” or the “barque of Peter.” A ship is
not destined to always be at sea, but must be directed to some sort of port or
final destination. Many saints have favored this analogy and it greatly helped
them in their spiritual lives. For example, Saint Thérèse of Lisieux wrote, “[T]he
symbol of a ship always delights me and helps me to bear the exile of this
life. Does not the Wise Man tell us—”Life is like a ship that passeth through
the waves: when it is gone by, the trace thereof cannot be found”?
Also, we
are reminded about being pilgrims every time we visit our local “parish”
church. The Greek roots of this word stem from a Hellenistic term “paroikos”
meaning “sojourners.” This term reminds us that we are called to live our lives
as “strangers and pilgrims” (1 Pet. 2:11 Douay-Rheims) in a land that is not
ours.
Put in
this context, a pilgrim realizes that everything is a gift. Creation is a
gift from God and we have been put in charge over it for the time being.
However, it is only temporary. The final destination is Heaven and so the
created world around us is only to be used in accord with that end. We are not
meant to “master” or “subdue” creation for our own selfish purposes. Instead,
we must realize how our care of creation is meant to propel us further along
the path to Eternal Shores.